Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)- Widely found in bacteria and foods such as spinach, celery, parsley, kiwi papaya and beans. It is known to stimulate the production and efficiency of mitochondria, protects against free radicals and reduces nitric oxide production. Defiencies in PQQ are associated with immune deficiency, dry skin, infertility and low overall fitness. “our results indicated that PQQ could protect primary cultured hippocampal neurons against glutamate-induced cell damage by scavenging ROS, reducing Ca2+ influx, and caspase-3 activity, and suggested that PQQ-activated PI3K/Akt signaling might be responsible for its neuroprotective action through modulation of glutamate-induced imbalance between Bcl-2 [...]